基于NICE-OHMS技术进行大气压气样直接检测的理论分析

噪声免疫腔增强光外差分子光谱技术(NICE-OHMS)是目前世界上最灵敏的激光吸收光谱技术,其在低压环境中具有极高的探测灵敏度。然而当测量样品处于大气压时,NICE-OHMS系统的探测灵敏度会大幅下降。主要原因之一是大气压下获取最大NICE-OHMS信号幅度的条件与低气压下不同。通过对大气压NICE-OHMS理论进行分析,分析了影响信号幅度的参数,并通过数值模拟来寻找最佳的实验条件。本文着重讨论影响信号的主要参数包括光学腔腔长L,调制系数β,探测相位θ。其中,由于在NICE-OHMS中使用DeVoe-Brewer技术将调制频率ν_m锁定到Fabry-Parot(FP)腔的自由光谱区(FSR)。因此FP腔的腔长决定了ν_m,同时还作用于信号幅度S■。模拟结果显示,当腔长增大时,由于ν_m随之减小,载波和边带的光谱成分相互重叠部分增大,因此线型函数的幅度逐渐减小。而吸收信号幅度随着腔长的增加而逐渐增加,色散信号幅度先增大后减小,并且在腔长等于8 cm时达到最大值。调制系数β会影响频率调制后激光载波和边带的幅度大小,并且影响信号线型。随着腔长的增加,最大信号幅度对应的β值也随之增加。在相同腔长下,色散信号的最佳β值小于吸收信号,更容易使用电光调制器实现。最后分析了参数的可实现性,分析了不同种类激光器的频率调谐能力,压电陶瓷的扫描宽度等。以乙炔气体为例,大气压下NICE-OHMS的谱线半宽达到~3 GHz,而光谱覆盖范围大于10 GHz。分布反馈式半导体激光器(DFB)与外腔二极管激光器(ECDL)的频率调谐范围可以达到30 GHz以上,但是由于激光线宽宽,得到的PDH锁定性能欠佳。回音壁模式激光器(WGM)和掺饵光纤激光器(EDFL)线宽为百Hz量级,是目前高灵敏NICE-OHMS系统中常用的光源。但是WGM目前可以实现了5 GHz的激光频率调谐范围,而EDFL的外部电压可控制的调谐范围仅为3 GHz。使用精细度为55000的腔进行模拟,调制系数β=1,腔长大于8 cm时,可使用WGM激光器实现,腔长大于25 cm时,可以使用EDFL激光器实现。而对于在设计光学腔中常用的伸缩长度为25μm的PZT,随着腔长的增加,对应的腔模频移范围逐渐减小,在腔长为典型的40 cm时,扫描范围大于12 GHz。     

干式变压器有限元仿真模型的电磁和振动分析

随着电力需求的逐年增长,干式变压器的数量也在不断增加。干式变压器在运行时存在着振动和噪声的问题,为了对干式变压器振动的规律与特点进行研究,本文建立了干式变压器本体振动的有限元仿真模型,通过电磁分析获得相应的磁场分布,然后利用结构动力学分析得到其本体振动的相关规律。通过对处于运行状态的变压器振动数据进行实测分析,得到变压器振动的特征频率,然后对仿真结果进行对比分析,可以发现振动幅度与频率之间存在的关系。本文的研究结果可对干式变压器的减振降噪研究提供参考。     

Feasibility of application of conductometric biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase for the inhibitory analysis of toxic compounds of different nature

This study was aimed at the development of a conductometric biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase considering the feasibility of its application for the inhibitory analysis of various toxicants. In this paper, the optimum conditions for enzyme immobilization on the transducer surface are selected as well as the optimum concentration of substrate for inhibitory analysis. Sensitivity of the developed biosensor to different classes of toxic compounds (organophosphorus pesticides, heavy metal ions, surfactants, aflatoxin, glycoalkaloids) was tested. It is shown that the developed biosensor can be successfully used for the analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins, as well as for determination of total toxicity of the samples. A new method of biosensor analysis of toxic substances of different classes in complex multicomponent aqueous samples is proposed.     

Two-dimensional optical coherence tomography for real-time structural dynamical characterization

We present a two-dimensional optical coherence vibration tomography (2DOCVT) system with an ultra-precision displacement resolution of ~0.1 nm that is capable of in site real-time absolute displacement measurement of structural line vibrations. Experimental results of sinusoidal, sweep and impulse vibrations were reported. The key figures of merit such as the 2DOCVT system could obtain fast line vibration measurement without scanning and it also could be used to capture structural modal parameters in one single impulse excitation measurement without any vibration excitation input information, making it attractive for the application in low-frequency vibration measurement and response-only modal analysis.     

Fluorescence properties of riboflavin-functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15 and riboflavin solutions in presence of different metal and organic cations

Riboflavin was covalently linked to mesoporous SBA-15 silica surface via grafting technique. Then fluorescence properties of the system obtained were analyzed in the presence of several metal and organic cations. Both quenching and strengthening of fluorescence as well as significant changes in the maximum fluorescence wavelength were observed. The results were compared with absorption and fluorescence data obtained for riboflavin water solutions.     

Analytic hierarchy process for multi-sensor data fusion based on belief function theory

Multi-sensor data fusion is an evolving technology whereby data from multiple sensor inputs are processed and combined. The data derived from multiple sensors can, however, be uncertain, imperfect, and conflicting. The present study is undertaken to help contribute to the continuous search for viable approaches to overcome the problems associated with data conflict and imperfection. Sensor readings, represented by belief functions, have to be fused according to their corresponding weights. Previous studies have often estimated the weights of sensor readings based on a single criterion. Mono-criteria approaches for the assessment of sensor reading weights are, however, often unreliable and inadequate for the reflection of reality. Accordingly, this work opts for the use of a multi-criteria decision aid. A modified Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) that incorporates several criteria is proposed to determine the weights of a sensor reading set. The approach relies on the automation of pairwise comparisons to eliminate subjectivity and reduce inconsistency. It assesses the weight of each sensor reading, and fuses the weighed readings obtained using a modified average combination rule. The efficiency of this approach is evaluated in a target recognition context. Several tests, sensitivity analysis, and comparisons with other approaches available in the literature are described.     

Chemical characterisation of bioactive compounds in Medicago sativa growing in the desert of Oman

Medicago sativa Linn growing in Omani desert were chemically characterised using flame photometry, inductively coupled plasma, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. HPLC analyses were performed to determine the phenolics and flavonoids present in M. sativa. The major compounds detected in M. sativa leaves were protchaechenic acid (3.22%), hydroxyl benzoic acid (1.05%), β-Phenyl caffate (0.97%) and kaempherol (0.89%). Pterostilbene, a cholesterol-lowering compound, was detected in M. sativa.     

Spatio-Temporal Variation of the Bacterial Communities along a Salinity Gradient within a Thalassohaline Environment (Saline di Tarquinia Salterns,Italy)

The “Saline di Tarquinia” salterns have been scarcely investigated regarding their microbiological aspects. This work studied the structure and composition of their bacterial communities along the salinity gradient (from the nearby sea through different ponds). The communities showed increasing simplification of pond bacterial diversity along the gradient (particularly if compared to those of the sea). Among the 38 assigned phyla, the most represented were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Differently to other marine salterns, where at the highest salinities Bacteroidetes dominated, preponderance of Proteobacteria was observed. At the genus level the most abundant taxa were Pontimonas, Marivita, Spiribacter, Bordetella, GpVII and Lentibacter. The α-diversity analysis showed that the communities were highly uneven, and the Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicated that they were structured by various factors (sampling site, sampling year, salinity, and sampling month). Moreover, the taxa abundance variation in relation to these significant parameters were investigated by Generalized Linear Models. This work represents the first investigation of a marine saltern, carried out by a metabarcoding approach, which permitted a broad vision of the bacterial diversity, covering both a wide temporal span (two years with monthly sampling) and the entire salinity gradient (from the nearby sea up to the crystallisation ponds).     

Nonlinear frequency response analysis: a recent review and perspectives

The nonlinear frequency response analysis (NFRA) can be seen as an extension of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. NFRA gives a full and detailed representation of the system response and can establish a connection between model parameters and the experimentally observed phenomena. In this article, different theoretical NFRA approaches and the most recent application examples are discussed. A simple electrochemical example is used to showcase the benefits and disadvantages of analyzing the system response by using different approaches. In addition, it was shown how to extract experimental harmonic values and analyze them.